Re: Is my mandola bridge on backwards?
Looks fine to me.
Thicker cores require more compensation due to stiffness effects in the string. Try to point a perfectly flexible string at someone, and it will lie down along your hand and point down toward the ground at first opportunity. Real strings have stiffness, and this makes the frequency higher for a given free length. So to match a given fretboard "in the best way" the bridge is backed off.
In a mandolin you see the E string stop shorter than the A (plain, thicker than E). See the first two of your pics. The wound D has a thinner core than the A, so the A is stiffer and the D bridge stop is shorter spaced from the frets than the A. The G core is bigger and the stop backs off toward the tailpiece as a result. A mandola is generally compensated for plain wire on the highest pitch, an A, and wound strings for the other courses. The D, the first wound course, as for the mandolin, takes a shorter string length and the stop moves toward the headstock. Progressively the G and C back off due to thickening core. This is what you show in your third picture, and it's proper for mandola strings plain/wound/wound/wound.
Mandolin strings are generally plain/plain/wound/wound. If you compare the mandolin items 1 and 2, drop the E string, and then add a C with a thicker core and more toward the tailpiece than the G, you'll get your item 3. I hope this makes sense.
You live and you learn (if you're awake)
... but some folks get by just making stuff up.
Michael T.
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