Consider a contract in the future that covers all this, which is the way I started handling it after a few unpleasant situations due to poor communication (usually happens when dealing with the wedding coordinator and not the actual client). The contract I used has stipulations like this for setup:
3. Performing area and access: Temporary parking will be provided for unloading and loading near entrance to venue, and access to the performing area will be available two hours prior to starting time. Performing areas located more than one flight of stairs above parking require elevator access. A properly grounded, 15 or 20 amp, 110 volt circuit with no other load will be provided within 25 feet of the performing area. Musicians cannot be held responsible for power interruptions. In the event a power outage prevents all or part of a performance, no payment shall be reimbursed to Client.
And also one for environment, goes like this:
If venue is outside or otherwise not climate controlled, upon their sole discretion, Musicians may delay or stop performing due to unsafe conditions, and wait until the stated ending time for conditions to improve or measures taken that allow the performance to continue. No payment shall be reimbursed to Client for shortened performance due to these circumstances.
That covers a lot of ground, without having to get specific about rain, wind, sun, etc. It gives you options when tents or other shade are available, and I would absolutely enforce it for rain. But sometimes we just have to suck it up. I remember playing outdoors on one brutally hot wedding gig in Leavenworth WA a few years ago. Nobody had shade, so we didn't have any option but to stand in the heat, try to shade the instruments in our shadows, and play for the ceremony regardless.
You need to think carefully about your liability exposure, especially at wedding gigs because there's a high likelihood that people are drinking and getting tipsy. That bit about catching a falling speaker in the nick of time is scary! Ideally you should have liability insurance, or at least make sure that the venue itself is covering liability. Our contract has some boilerplate about holding harmless, etc., but it wouldn't prevent getting dragged into a lawsuit if someone was injured tripping on a cord. Or a speaker fell on them.
Basically, it's up to you to secure the immediate area around the performance. Allen's advice about putting the speakers behind the band is good for tight spaces where there is a trip hazard on the stands. Just turn down enough to avoid feedback. I have our K10 speakers up on high stands behind us, probably 70% of the time at wedding gigs. Makes for a better visual presentation too. You might not be able to get away with that if you're playing Bluegrass for dancing, so put some barriers -- chairs, hay bales? -- around the floor monitors and speaker stand feet to avoid trip hazards. Another idea is to place your main speakers on the floor instead of on stands. We've done that a few times when I didn't want to risk a speaker stand.
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